Physical Water Quality Parameters Research Articles

Spatial and temporal analysis of physical and chemical properties of Short Creek

Freshwater systems are vitally important. Ecologically, rivers and streams are responsible for immense biodiversity, providing habitat for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Freshwater systems benefit humans in innumerable ways, providing drinking water to millions of people, means of transportation, food sources, and recreation areas. Nevertheless, the degradation of freshwater ecosystems continues to worsen at alarming rates. Long-term water quality monitoring can help determine the best management practices to improve and restore waterways. This study assessed changes in water chemistry in the Short Creek tributary located in Wheeling, WV, comparing historical data to current, focusing on physical and chemical water quality parameters data recorded from single monthly points obtained from historical data and averaged monthly points from current data. Short Creek represents 4 of 11 sites where data is collected weekly year-round. This data collection has been ongoing since 2018 and is part of a more extensive compilation hosted by Three Rivers Quest and the WVU Water Resource Research Institute. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, chloride, specific conductivity, pH, and turbidity were recorded and analyzed utilizing Excel and RStudio. The increased frequency of monitoring provides a more accurate representation of Short Creek's overall condition. Both historical and current datasets were incomplete but generally did not show declines. A concerted effort in long-term water quality monitoring is necessary for understanding stream health. Current and historical data combined give us more resolution to estimate trends in water chemistry, better determine stream health progress, and assist in implementing best management practices.

Prediction of microbial activity and abundance using interpretable machine learning models in the hyporheic zone of effluent-dominated receiving rivers

Serving as a vital linkage between surface water and groundwater, the hyporheic zone (HZ) plays a fundamental role in improving water quality and maintaining ecological security. In arid or semi-arid areas, effluent discharge from wastewater treatment facilities could occupy a predominant proportion of the total base flow of receiving rivers. Nonetheless the relationship between microbial activity, abundance and environmental factors in the HZ of effluent-receiving rivers appear to be rarely addressed. In this study, a spatiotemporal field study was performed in two representative effluent-dominated receiving rivers in Xi'an, China. Land use data, physical and chemical water quality parameters of surface and subsurface water were used as predictive variables, while the microbial respiratory electron transport system activity (ETSA), the Chao1 and Shannon index of total microbial community, as well as the Chao1 and Shannon index of denitrifying bacteria community were used as response variables, while ETSA was used as response variables indicating ecological processes and Shannon and Chao1 were utilized as parameters indicating microbial diversity. Two machine learning models were utilized to provide evidence-based information on how environmental factors interact and drive microbial activity and abundance in the HZ at variable depths. The models with Chao1 and Shannon as response variables exhibited excellent predictive performances (R2: 0.754–0.81 and 0.783–0.839). Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the most important factor affecting the microbial functions, and an obvious threshold value of ∼2 mg/L was observed. Credible predictions of models with Chao1 and Shannon index of denitrifying bacteria community as response variables were detected (R2: 0.484–0.624 and 0.567–0.638), with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) being the key influencing factor. Fe (Ⅱ) was favorable in predicting denitrifying bacteria community. The ESTA model highlighted the importance of total nitrogen in the ecological health monitoring in HZ. These findings provide novel insights in predicting microbial activity and abundance in highly-impacted areas such as the HZ of effluent-dominated receiving rivers.

Analysis of the physical chemistry of domestic water supply sources in choba, Port Harcourt, rivers state

Water are used for several important purposes but the most essential use considered on the basis of social and economic significance as it relates to the health of the population is human consumption and sanitation. Man needs constant and accessible supply of water to provide necessary prerequisite for important physiological and biochemical processes. On account of the general contention that water is more basic than all other critical stuff to life and in its pure state is commended key to health. This study aimed at to examine the physical characteristics of the water supply sources in Choba as a crucial factor for development and upon which the quality of life depends. Thus, water samples were collected from borehole and well water sources being the only available major sources of water supply in Rumuokocha, Rumuchakara, Igbogo, Owhipa, Ndudor and Rumualoghu communities that make Choba and the parameters investigated include pH, Temperature, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Salinity. The results of the analyses for temperature was t= 0.751 and t= 0.547 both at p<0.05 for borehole and well water sources implying no significant difference from the allowable limit by WHO whereas for DO, pH, salinity, TDS and conductivity, t= -51.966; -24.027; -24.796, -19.546 ;2.321and t= -51.966; -24.027; -16.966, -20.024; 2.272 for borehole and well water sources respectively indicating a statistically significant difference between the parameters investigated and the allowable limits. Similarly, the ANOVA result shows F= 400.384; 23.262; 19.997; 8502.215at p<0.05 for parameters like temperature, salinity, TDS and conductivity of the available water sources do not vary significantly in the area. Therefore, constant monitoring and assessment of physical water quality parameters, water treatment and assessment of bacteriological content and other relevant water parameters to holistically ascertain it suitability for adequate human use were recommended.

Effects of water quality on fish parasite biodiversity and physiological responses in the host fish Clarias gariepinus from a eutrophic lake subjected to acid mine drainage in South Africa.

Elevated concentrations of contaminants have negative impacts on aquatic organisms and their parasites. Changes in parasite infections have been proposed as a technique for monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, alterations in physiological responses (biomarkers) of organisms have also been used to delineate ecosystem quality. Lake Heritage is situated along the Crocodile River in Muldersdrift, Gauteng, South Africa, and is subject to contamination by acid mine drainage. Clarias gariepinus is a well-studied bioindicator species and host to numerous endoparasites and ectoparasites. The aims of this study were to delineate the health status of Lake Heritage through a multifaceted approach by comparing the water quality, biomarker responses, and parasite biodiversity of C. gariepinus, compared to unexposed laboratory-reared fish. Physical and chemical water quality parameters were determined using a hand-held probe, test kits, and element analysis with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Biomarker responses in the gill, liver, and muscle tissues from C. gariepinus were assessed for total protein, metallothioneins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase. Results for water quality variables showed higher pH, nitrate, hardness, and copper levels compared with the South African Target Water Quality Guidelines. Catalase activity and concentrations of SOD and reduced GSH showed a response in C. gariepinus to the water quality. Ectoparasites had lower prevalence and mean intensity than endoparasites. However, there were no differences in the physiological responses between infected and uninfected hosts. The study shows that the eutrophic conditions in Lake Heritage cause biomarker responses in the host when compared to host fish in laboratory conditions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-15. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Estimation of the Biogeochemical and Physical Properties of Lakes Based on Remote Sensing and Artificial Intelligence Applications

Lakes play a crucial role in the global biogeochemical cycles through the transport, storage, and transformation of different biogeochemical compounds. Their regulatory service appears to be disproportionately important relative to their small areal extent, necessitating continuous monitoring. This study leverages the potential of optical remote sensing sensors, specifically Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery (MSI), to monitor and predict water quality parameters in lakes. Optically active parameters, such as chlorophyll a (CHL), total suspended matter (TSM), and colored dissolved matter (CDOM), can be directly detected using optical remote sensing sensors. However, the challenge lies in detecting non-optically active substances, which lack direct spectral characteristics. The capabilities of artificial intelligence applications can be used in the identification of optically non-active compounds from remote sensing data. This study aims to employ a machine learning approach (combining the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost)) and in situ and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery data to construct inversion models for 16 physical and biogeochemical water quality parameters including CHL, CDOM, TSM, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO4), sulphate, ammonium nitrogen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the biomasses of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, pH, dissolved oxygen (O2), water temperature (WT) and transparency (SD). GA_XGBoost exhibited strong predictive capabilities and it was able to accurately predict 10 biogeochemical and 2 physical water quality parameters. Additionally, this study provides a practical demonstration of the developed inversion models, illustrating their applicability in estimating various water quality parameters simultaneously across multiple lakes on five different dates. The study highlights the need for ongoing research and refinement of machine learning methodologies in environmental monitoring, particularly in remote sensing applications for water quality assessment. Results emphasize the need for broader temporal scopes, longer-term datasets, and enhanced model selection strategies to improve the robustness and generalizability of these models. In general, the outcomes of this study provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of lakes in the biogeochemical cycle and will allow the formulation of reliable recommendations for various applications used in the studies of ecology, water quality, the climate, and the carbon cycle.

Water Quality Parameters of Rupa Lake in Pokhara,Nepal

In this study, physical and biochemical water quality parameters are analyzed from five selected stations in Rupa Lake Pokhara, Nepal using standard procedures. Analyzed parameters are: temperature, turbidity, total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chloride content, sulphate and dissolved oxygen (DO). Based on the observed water quality parameters, the quality of Rupa Lake water is discussed and compared with WHO standard values for drinking water. Recorded laboratory results shows that water of Rupa Lake is useful for agricultural, industrial, aquatic life, and fishery purposes.

Biológiai vízminőségi paraméterek hatásainak vizsgálata a szarvasi Holt-Körösön

One of the essential natural resources is water resource in Hungary. It is threatened by many threats, both quantitative and qualitative. For these reasons, the protection of surface water and groundwater is a priority. The main objective of the present study is to determine which parameters have the greatest influence on the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of phytoplankton in the water body. The study area is the Holt-Körös, which plays an important ecological, social, economic and recreational role in the region. Between the field and laboratory tests, the following physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters were investigated: water temperature, UV radiation index, Secchi depth, underwater light condition, dissolved oxygen content, suspended solids content, chlorophyll-a content, Fe, NO2-, NO3- NH4+, PO43-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and pH value.

Analysis of Water Quality and Phagocytic Activity (Clarias Sp.) in Aquaponic and Non-Aquaponic Cultivation Systems

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one of the many fishery biota that has animal protein which is much loved by Indonesian people. One way to develop environmentally friendly catfish cultivation is through the implementation of an aquaponic biofilter system. This research aims to analyze physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters in catfish cultivation with and without aquaponics, to obtain a description of the non-specific immune system which is analyzed from the conditions of phagocytic activity of catfish cultivated with and without aquaponics. The method used is by taking samples ten times per week by taking water quality parameters as well as blood samples of catfish raised in ponds with and without aquaponics. The analysis used is the unpaired T-test. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that all parameters showed that the aquaponic cultivation media was better compared to those without aquaponics.

Analysis of suitable site for seaweed aquaculture development in the Indonesian Sea (a case study of Fisheries Management Region-713), with the application of numerical model data

Seaweed is an excellent product for cultivation in Indonesia therefore the expansion of seaweed aquaculture is crucial to be supported by the availability of data and accurate information. The Republic of Indonesia’s Fishery Management Region-713 (IFMR-713) has the potential for the development of seaweed cultivation. This study aims to conduct a spatial analysis of suitability for the development of seaweed cultivation using numerical models data based on multi-criteria evolution (MCE) in the IFMR-713. The primary data used for the analysis are (1) physical geographical parameters (includes: bathymetry, wave height, and current) and (2) water quality parameters (contains: temperature, salinity, pH, phosphate, and nitrate). The potential seaweed cultivation area in IFMR-713 is 63,125 km2 (13.12%) of the total area in IFMR-713 (481,300 km2). We also found that the local community utilized only a minor part of the very suitable area categorized for cultivating seaweed (based on data and information from each Local Government), so there is still an opportunity to develop the utilization into the very appropriate category. However, it is recommended that its use should be based on environmental methods and adapted to the coastal spatial plan to be used as an essential foundation to support the application of ecosystem-based fisheries.

Effect of Climate Change and Human Activities on Surface and Ground Water Quality in Major Cities of Pakistan

In this study, climate change and human impacts on water quality in five major urban areas of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Abbottabad, and Gilgit, were determined. Secondary data on various physical, chemical, and bacteriological water quality parameters were taken from published papers, reports, and theses. Surface and groundwater were the major sources of drinking water in these cities. The physicochemical parameters were total turbidity, pH, dissolved solids (TDS), sulphates, chlorides, calcium, sodium, HCO3, potassium, magnesium, nitrates, fluorides, arsenic, and hardness. The bacteriological parameters were total coliform, total faecal coliform, and total plate counts. The data revealed that pH, TDS, fluoride, chloride, HCO3, sodium, and hardness were above the limits in Karachi. MCB Market, Goth Ibrahim, and Malir Town were the main contaminated areas in Karachi. In Lahore, arsenic was found above the limits in all sampling locations. Turbidity, pH, HCO3, calcium, magnesium, and hardness were found above the limits in Peshawar. In Gilgit city, all physicochemical parameters were found within the limits except turbidity, which was 10 NTU in Nomal valley. Nitrates were higher in the water sources in Abbottabad. Bacterial contamination was found in the water of all five cities. Most of the studies revealed that this contamination could be human-induced. The improper disposal of solid waste, sewage, and animal waste and the excessive use of fertilisers deteriorate the quality of the water. Precipitation, a rise in temperature, and seasonal variation are climate variables that affect water quality and are responsible for major outbreaks of waterborne diseases. There is an urgent need for regular analysis, proper management, and proper treatment of drinking water before it is supplied to the local community in these cities.

Assessment of the water quality of Bar-Bula Village well waters, Tafawa Balewa local government area, Bauchi State, Nigeria

There was a report of health challenges in our study area due to the consumption of water from wells sited in the community. The research was aimed at assessing the water quality parameters of the wells consumed by the villagers towards providing information on the possible health implication(s) of its consumption. Two sampling sites were selected, well 1 and well 2, which were hitherto the sole sources of water in the village. Physicochemical and microbiological quality parameters of samples were done in order to assess their conformance with the specification of Nigerian Standard for drinking water quality (NIS 554-2015). The results indicated that all physical water quality parameters have their mean concentration values below the maximum permissible limits, except colour which had total mean concentrations of 16.5 ± 0.65 TCU and 15.3 ± 0.65 TCU for well 1 and well 2 respectively, are relatively above the allowable unit range of 15 TCU (NIS-554-2015). The water quality assessment of wells also revealed high concentration of Cadmium (0.11 mg L-1 and 0.16 mg L-1, for well 1 and 2 respectively as against 0.003 mg L-1 specified by standard) and Magnesium (185 mg L-1 and 105 mg L-1 for well 1 and 2 respectively as against the maximum permissible limit of 20 mg L-1 specified by the standard). The microbial values of samples fall below the maximum permissible limit prescribed by the NIS standard. From the study, it was concluded that the presence of Cadmium in the well waters indicated that the water is unfit for consumption.

Assessment of Effect of Industrial Effluent on Ground Water of Pali, Rajasthan, India

A study was conducted to assess the present status of the ground water in Pali town. The city is known as an industrial hub especially for the textile industry. Ten sampling locations were selected at random and the ground water samples were selected from tube wells and wells in and around Pali town. For this purpose, these samples were analysed for major physical and chemical water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Total Hardness (TH), Sodium, Phosphate, Nitrate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate and Chloride. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO (World Health Organization). It was found that most of the samples of the ground water quality were substandard, may be due to the industrial effluents, discharge by industrial units in the Bandi River and on open surface. The sampling sites Punayata and Mandia showed high deviation from standards prescribed by WHO. Hence the present study concluded that the ground water quality in the study area was polluted. So, it is necessary to take periodic monitoring of the ground water quality and strict rules and regulation on industrial effluent in this region for future sustainability.

Hatchability and Survival of Lamproglena clariae Fryer, 1956 Exposed to Increasing Concentrations of Aqueous Aluminium

The effect of increased aluminium concentration on the hatchability and survival of Lamproglena clariae is unknown. During October 2019 and October 2020, infected C. gariepinus were collected from the Vaal River and transferred to a controlled aquarium room. Parasite infection was established on acclimated C. gariepinus. Adult female parasites (F2 and F3 generation) on live fish were inspected for egg strings. Viable egg strings were removed, leaving females attached to produce more eggs. Bioassays were performed in varying concentrations of Al (control, 5 µg/L, 30 µg/L, 60 µg/L, and 120 µg/L). Egg development was monitored. In situ physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured, and water samples were collected every 24 h for metal analysis using inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The experiment terminated when all juveniles perished. Five percent of exposed eggs did not hatch in the control solution, compared to 26% in 120 µg/L Al. Hatchability and survival of L. clariae were negatively affected by increased Al concentrations. By removing this ectoparasite from living fish, the need to euthanise the host organism is eliminated, emphasising the usefulness of L. clariae as a bioindicator for metal pollution.

Production of pacific white shrimp in biofloc system with different food management strategies

In the present work, different models for adjustments in feeding rates to produce Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in a biofloc system were analyzed. Shrimps were stocked with an initial weight of 4.21 ± 0.09 g at a density of 250 shrimp m-3 and fed following different methodologies for 60 days. The first method was according to the Van-Wyk table, considering the minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) feed rates. The second was according to two estimated values from the feed conversion ratio (FCR; FCR of 1.1 and 1.5), based on the methodology determined by Garzade Yta. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, consisting of four treatments (MAX, MIN, FCR 1.1, and FCR 1.5) with 4 independent replicates. Zootechnical performance, the physical and chemical water quality parameters, and the production of solids in the system were evaluated. The treatment that used minimum amounts of feed determined by the table showed a better feed conversion, survival, using a lower amount of feed and, thus, generating less waste. Although the feeding strategy using the minimum values in the table has shown better results, it is still necessary to improve these strategies, as the Biofloc system is a system that has variations and their adjustments must be made according to the interactions of the system.

Assessment of Gualaxo do Norte River water quality (Minas Gerais, Brazil) affected by the dam breach of Fundão utilizing exploratory multivariate techniques.

At the end of 2015, the Fundão dam belonging to the Samarco S.A. mining company was ruptured, releasing a flood of mud into the Gualaxo do Norte River, which advanced into the Doce River. The aim of the present study was to apply exploratory multivariate approaches to water quality data obtained during sampling campaigns at the Gualaxo do Norte River during the dry and rainy seasons, between July 2016 and June 2017. A total of 27 locations along the river were sampled, covering unaffected areas and regions influenced by the tailings waste from the dam. Determinations of chemical, physical, and microbiological water quality parameters were performed. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in the first two components together explaining 39.49% and 37.91% of the total variance for the dry and rainy season data, respectively. In both cases, the PCA groups were related to variables such as turbidity and total solids, which both presented higher values in regions affected by the mud flow. These results are in agreement with those obtained by the Kohonen neural network method, where two-dimensional maps confirmed the samples according to the affected and unaffected area by the disaster.

Assessment of physical and chemical water quality parameters using naive bayes control algorithm

Assessment of physical and chemical water quality parameters using naive bayes control algorithm

Assessment of surface water quality during different tides and an anthropogenic impact on coastal water at Gulf of Kachchh, West Coast of India.

The port-based activity is often associated with industrial growth in the hinterland and similar phenomenon reported from the Gulf of Kachchh, India. Industrialization exerts pressure on coastal water through the release of waste water or effluents which influence the entire marine ecosystem. The present paper tries to evaluate the variation in the water quality during the high tide and low tide in relation to the anthropogenic or natural influence in Gulf of Kachchh. The tidal variation is important as it reflects the influence of the land-based activity on the coastal waters. To prove this logic, a series of stations were taken along the coastal water and statistical analysis, viz., Pearson correlation, Box plot, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and factor analysis (PCA/FA) were conducted. Pearson correlation and Box plot represent visual impact of parameter variations in respected tides. The chemometric analysis, i.e., HCA and PCA/FA, clearly indicates an anthropogenic impact on coastal water. The results of HCA revealed that major anthropogenic and domestic impacts were found at various stations during the low tide. The HCA points out that an anthropogenic and the tidal activity in the Gulf of Kachchh influence the physical water quality parameters like pH, salinity, dissolved solid, oxygen, turbidity, sulfate, and nutrients in the coastal ecosystem. The PCA/FA further ascertains the finding of HCA analysis that the state of the art of the water quality of coastal ecosystem has direct relevance with the land-based activities and sewage outfall points. Tide-based control on the water quality parameters was evident that the high tide nutrients like phosphates and nitrogen were high, while during the low tide, temperature, salinity, total solids, and sulfate showed higher concentrations. The findings of the paper will be useful for developing effective management strategies for policy makers or stakeholders operating in the coastal area.

Physico-Chemical and Metal Composition of Some Sachet and Borehole Water in Imota Community Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

The accessibility of quality water is an essential factor for preventing diseases and improving good quality of life. The physico-chemical parameters of sachet and borehole water in some selected locations of Imota Community of Lagos State was studied. Physico-chemical parameters such as colour, temperature, pH, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metals such as copper, magnesium, manganese and cadmium were determined following standard methods. All water samples were colourlesss with a temperature range of 27.1oC to 29oC at the point of collection. The physico-chemical properties ranges were: salinity (0.01–3.8), pH (2.10–7.52), electrical conductivity (1.5–200 μS/cm), micro voltage (22.7–184) and total dissolved solids (19.8–576 mg/L). Caleb University Ventures water was the only sample with a neutral pH of 7.52. The concentrations of metals in the selected water samples were within the permissible limit of USEPA (2022) and WHO (2017) guidelines. The study showed that physical water quality parameters such as pH, salinity, EC and TDS have variations at different locations, which suggests that different soil types, storage systems and environmental activities could interfere with the physico-chemical parameters. The water samples from Imota Community had low level of pollutants as indicated by the physico-chemical properties of the water. However, standard methods of water treatment should be maintained by the community to ensure the purity of water available for domestic use, so that problems commonly associated with impure and unclean water can be averted.

Suitability Assessment of Fish Habitat in a Data-Scarce River

Assessing fish habitat suitability in a data-scarce tidal river is often challenging due to the absence of continuous water quantity and quality records. This study is comprised of an intensive field study on a 42 km reach which recorded bathymetry and physical water quality parameters (pH, electroconductivity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids) testing and corresponding water levels and velocity. Frequent water sampling was carried out on 17 out of 90 locations for laboratory water quality tests. Based on this, an interpolation technique, i.e., Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), generates a map in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment using ArcGIS software to determine the river water quality parameters. Additionally, a hydrodynamic model study was conducted to simulate hydraulic parameters using Delft3D software followed by a water quality distribution. During validation, the Delft3D-simulated water quality could reasonably mimic most field data, and GIS featured dissolved oxygen. The overall water quality distribution showed a lower dissolved oxygen level (~3 mg/L) in the industrial zone compared to the other two zones during the study period. On the other hand, these validated hydraulic properties were applied in the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) set up to conduct the hydraulic habitat suitability for Labeo rohita (Rohu fish). Thus, the validated model could represent the details of habitat suitability in the studied river for future decision support systems, and this study envisaged applying it to other similar rivers.

Effects of floating covers used for evaporation suppression on reservoir physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters

AbstractIncreasing demand for freshwater in arid regions with chronic water shortage calls for expansion of water storage for drought periods while protecting storage from evaporative losses. A cost‐effective and scalable method for evaporation suppression uses floating elements; however, little is known regarding biochemical and water quality effects under these covers. Two identical reservoirs with area of 25 m2 and depth of 2 m were used to investigate the influence of floating covers on water quality parameters for a period of one year (2019–2020). One of the reservoirs was covered with Styrofoam discs, and results were compared with the uncovered one. Results showed that the evaporation suppression efficiency of floating discs gradually decreased from 80% in spring to about 60% in winter. The comparison between reservoirs revealed that the presence of floating covers decreased pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen by 11%, 11%, 15% and 36%, respectively. We observed an increase in nitrate (30%), phosphate (27%) and ammonia (95%) concentrations in the covered reservoir. Results also demonstrated more concentration of biological populations such as algae and protozoa in the uncovered reservoir. The findings highlight improvement of certain water quality parameters in covered reservoirs such as EC and TDS with potential impacts on irrigation systems and soil health and salinity constraints.